Acronym Definition
EEME Europe, Eurasia and the Middle East
EEME ExtrEEME E-Enhancement Modules
EEME E-Early Modern English
EEME E-Early Myoclonic Encephalopathy
EEME E-Earth - Moon - Earth (moon bounce radio)
EEME E-EIFEL Message Editor (WCCS)
EEME E-Electrical & Mechanical Engineers (UK & Commonwealth army)
EEME E-Electromagnetic Effects
EEME E-Electromagnetic Emission
EEME E-Electromagnetic Energy
EEME E-Electromagnetic Environment
EEME E-Electronic Music Expo Hawaii (Honolulu, Hawaii)
EEME E-Eligible Medical Expenses (health insurance)
EEME E-Emergency Management Exercise
EEME E-Empyrean Energy PLC (UK; stock symbol)
EEME E-Episcopal Marriage Encounter
EEME E-Estado-Maior do Exército (Portugal)
EEME E-Extraordinary Minister of the Eucharist
EEME Early Entry Module Enterprise
EEME Ectodermal Dysplasia, Ectrodactyly, and Macular Dystrophy Enterprise
EEME Effluent Emission Monitoring Enterprise
EEME Eigenmode Expansion Method Enterprise
EEME Electron Emission Mass Spectroscopy Enterprise
EEME Electronegativity Equalization Method Enterprise
EEME Electronic Engineers Master (commodity codes) Enterprise
EEME Electronic Equipment Mechanic (OPM job description) Enterprise
EEME Empirical Evaluation Methods Enterprise
EEME End-Effect Model Enterprise
EEME Energy Efficient Mortgage Enterprise
EEME Enhanced Expanded Measurements (Telcordia) Enterprise
EEME Enterprise Energy Management Enterprise
EEME Enterprise Engineering Management Enterprise
EEME Environment and Execution Management (Sprint) Enterprise
EEME Environmental Enhancement and Mitigation (Canada) Enterprise
EEME Essential Equipment Monitor Enterprise
EEME Event-Entity Matrix Enterprise
EEME Expendable Electronic Marker Enterprise
EEME Extended Enterprise Messaging (blue-silicon) Enterprise
EEME Extended Memory Management Enterprise
EEME External elastic membrane (cardiology) Enterprise
EEME External Error Mode (traffic) Enterprise
EEME External Expansion Module (Sun) Enterprise
EEME Extrapolated Endpoint Method Enterprise
EEME Electrical Engineering Mechanical Engineering (Degree)
EEME electromagnetic emission memory effect
The history of Eurasia is the collective history of several distinct peripheral
coastal regions: the Middle East, South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia, and
Europe, linked by the interior mass of the Eurasian steppe of Central Asia and
Eastern Europe. While geographically on a separate continent, North Africa has
historically been integrated into Eurasian history. Perhaps beginning with early
Silk Road trade, the Eurasian view of history seeks establishing genetic,
cultural, and linguistic links between European, African, Middle-Eastern, and
Asian cultures of antiquity.
Prehistory
Lower Paleolithic
Fossilized remains of Homo georgicus, Homo ergaster and Homo erectus between 1.8
and 1.0 million years old have been found in Europe (Georgia (Dmanisi), Spain),
Indonesia (e.g., Sangiran and Trinil), Vietnam, and China (e.g., Shaanxi). (see
also:Multiregional hypothesis). The first remains are of Olduwan culture, later
of Acheulean and Clactonian culture. Finds of later fossils, such as Homo
cepranensis, are local in nature, so the extent of human residence in eurasia
during 1000000 - 300000 bp remains a mystery.
Middle Paleolithic
Geologic temperature records indicate two intense ice ages dated around 650000
ybp and 400000 ybp, these would have presented any humans outside tropics
unprecedented difficulties. Indeed, fossils from this period are very few, and
little can be said of human habitats in eurasia during this period. The few
finds are of Homo antecessor and Homo heidelbergensis. Lantian Man in China.
Homo neanderthalensis, with his Mousterian technology emerged, in areas from
Europe to western Asia, after this and continued to be the dominant group of
humans in Europe and Middle East up until 70000-40000 ybp. Peking man has also
been dated to this period. During Eemian interglacial humans probably (see f.e.
Wolf Cave) spread where ever their technology and skills allowed, Sahara dried
up forming a difficult area for peoples to cross.
The birth of first modern humans (Homo sapiens idaltu) has been dated to be
between 200000-130000 BP (see:Mitochondrial Eve, Single-origin hypothesis), to
the coldest phase of Riss glaciation. Remains of Aterian culture appear on the
archaeological evidence.
Population bottleneck
In the beginning of the last ice age a supervolcano erupted in Indonesia
sometime between 75000 - 70000 BCE. Theory states the effects of the eruption
caused global climatic changes for many years, effectively obliterating most of
the earlier cultures. Y-chromosomal Adam (90000 - 60000 BP) has been dated here.
Neanderthals survived this abrupt change in the environment, so it's possible
for other human groups too. According to the theory humans survived in Africa,
and began to resettle areas north, as the effects of the eruption slowly
vanished. Upper Paleolithic revolution began after this extreme event, the
earliest finds are dated c.50000 BCE.
A divergence in genetical evidence occurs during the early phase of the
glaciation. Descendants of female haplogroups M, N and male CR are the ones
found among Eurasian peoples today.
Upper Paleolithic, the dispersal of modern humans
Possible model of early migrations based on genetical studies (see:Haplogroup)
Humans have populated the whole ice-free Europe during Upper PaleolithicWhile it
has been estimated (by molecular clock) that modern humans migrated to Eurasia
during the early phases of the last glaciation, the findings are very few. Most
remains are of neanderthals. It has been suggested that the earliest migrations
(through Middle East (Cro magnon in Levant c. 60000 BC)) have happened along
coasts of southern Asia. Neanderthal interaction with Cro-Magnons remains a
vigorous topic of discussion. Eurasian Upper Paleolithic is traditionally dated
to start with the earliest finds (circa 45000 BC) of more developed stone tools
gradually replacing the Mousterian (Neanderthal) culture as seen f.e. in
Santimamiñe. Asian finds are few. They've been tributed to Ordos culture.
Cultural periods in the ice age include Châtelperronian culture, Aurignacian
culture, Gravettian culture, Solutrean culture and Magdalenian culture. see
also: Pre-history of the Southern Levant
Migrations
Tracing back minute differences in the genomes of modern humans by methods of
genetic genealogy, can and have been used to produce models of historical
migration. Though these give indications of the routes taken by ancestral
humans, the dating of the various genetic markers is not very accurate. The
earliest migrations (dated c. 75.000 BP) from the Red Sea shores have been most
likely along southern coast of Asia. After this, tracking and timing genetical
markers gets increasingly difficult. What is known, is that on areas, of what is
now Iraq, Iran, Pakistan and Afganistan, genetic markers diversify (from about
60000 BCE), and subsequent migrations emerge to all directions (even backwards
to Levant) from here. Northeastbound were likely the ancestors of Samoyeds and
Indigenous Americans (dated 50000 - 40000 BCE), northbound the ancestors of
Uralic peoples, eastbound (maybe along Ganges) likely went the ancestors of
Chinese. It is still largely unclear what routes different groups of
Indo-European ancestors took to Europe (this likely happened later though). Many
other questions remain open, too (f.e. Neanderthals were still present at this
time). More genetical data is being gathered by various research programs.
Early Holocene
Neolithic Revolution
See also:Synoptic table of the principal old world prehistoric cultures
Primary cultural areas in Europe c.4500 BCAs the ice age ended, major
environmental changes happened, such as sea level rise (est. 120m), vegetation
changes, some animals disappearing. At the same time Neolithic revolution began
and humans started to make pottery, began to cultivate crops and domesticated
some animal species.
Neolithic cultures in Eurasia are many, and best discussed in separate articles.
Some of the articles on this subject include: Natufian culture, Jomon culture,
List of Neolithic cultures of China and Mehrgarh. European sites are many, they
are discussed in Neolithic Europe. The finding of Ötzi the Iceman (dated 3300
BC) provides an important insight to Chalcolithic period in Europe.
Proto-languages of various peoples have been forming in this period, though no
literal evidence can (by definition) be found. Later migrations further
complicate the study of migrations in this period.
Writing, the civilizations emerge
Ancient history
Origins of writing are dated to fourth millennium BC. Writing may have started
independently on various areas of Eurasia. It appears the skill spread
relatively fast, giving people a new way of communication.
The three eastern regions of the Middle East, East Asia and South Asia developed
in a similar manner with each of the three regions developing early
civilizations around fertile river valleys. The civilizations in Mesopotamia,
the Indus Valley, and China (along the Yellow River and the Yangtze) shared many
similarities and likely exchanged technologies and ideas such as mathematics and
the wheel. Ancient Egypt also shared this model. These civilizations were most
likely in more or less regular contact with each other by the early versions of
the silk road.
Europe was different, however. It was somewhat further north and contained no
river systems to support agriculture. Thus Europe remained comparatively
undeveloped, with only the southern tips of the region (Greece and Italy) being
able to fully borrow crops, technologies, and ideas from the Middle East and
North Africa. Similarly, civilization didn't arise in Southeast Asia until
contact was made with ancient India, which gave rise to Indianized kingdoms in
Indochina and the Malay archipelago. The steppe region had long been inhabited
by mounted nomads, and from the central steppes they could reach all areas of
the Asian continent. The northern part of the silk road traversed trhough this
region.
One such central expansion out of the steppe is that of the Proto-Indo-Europeans
which spread their languages into the Middle East, India, Europe, and to the
borders of China (with the Tocharians). Throughout their history, up to the
development of gunpowder, all the areas of Eurasia would be repeatedly menaced
by the Indo-Iranian, Turkic and Mongol nomads from the steppe.
A difference between Europe and most of the regions of Eurasia is that each of
the latter regions has few obstructions internally even though it is ringed by
mountains and deserts. This meant that it was easier to establish unified
control over the entire region, and this did occur with massive empires
consistently dominating the Middle East, China, and at times, much of India.
Europe, however, is riddled with internal mountain ranges: The Carpathians, the
Alps, the Pyrenees and many others. Throughout its history, Europe has thus
usually been divided into many small states, much like the Middle East and
Indian subcontinent for much of their history.
The Iron Age made large stands of timber essential to a nation's success because
smelting iron required so much fuel, and the pinnacles of human civilizations
gradually moved as forests were destroyed. In Europe the Mediterranean region
was supplanted by the German and Frankish lands. In the Middle East the main
power center became Anatolia with the once dominant Mesopotamia its vassal. In
China, the economical, agricultural, and industrial center moved from the
northern Yellow River to the southern Yangtze, though the political center
remained in the north. In part this is linked to technological developments,
such as the mouldboard plough, that made life in once undeveloped areas more
bearable.
The civilizations in China, India, and Mediterranean, connected by the silk
road, became the principal civilizations in Eurasia in early CE times. Later
development of Eurasian history of mankind is told in other articles.
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RuneScape takes place in the fantasy-themed realm of Gielinor, which is divided
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